Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» 2 (70) 2016
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Клиническое значение избыточного содержания лактозы в диете (часть 2)
Авторы: Абатуров А.Е., Никулина А.А. - ГУ «Днепропетровская медицинская академия Министерства здравоохранения Украины», г. Днепропетровск, Украина
Рубрики: Педиатрия/Неонатология
Разделы: Справочник специалиста
Версия для печати
В статье на основании литературных данных изложены представления о клиническом значении избыточного содержания лактозы в диете. Лактоза представляет собой специфический ингибитор β-галактозидсвязывающего протеина — галектина-9 (Gal-9), который регулирует внутриклеточный метаболизм (клеточный рост, воспаление, иммунный ответ, апоптоз). Лактоза, конкурентно связываясь с Gal-9, предупреждает активацию Gal-9/Тim-3-ассоциированных сигнальных путей, что способствует пролиферации Т-хелперных клеток 1-го и 17-го типа, обусловливающих индукцию воспалительного процесса. Избыток лактозы способствует уменьшению представительства Treg-клеток, которые обладают иммуносупрессивным действием, и повышает инсулинорезистентность. Лактоза ингибирует взаимодействие Gal-9 с иммуноглобулином E и гиалуронсвязывающей молекулой СD44 и способствует аллергическим проявлениям. Приведены возможности использования препаратов экзогенной лактазы для патогномоничного лечения воспалительных и аллергических заболеваний у детей с лактазной недостаточностью.
В статті на підставі літературних даних викладені уявлення про клінічне значення надмірного вмісту лактози в дієті. Лактоза є інгібітором β-галактозидзв’язуючого протеїну — галектину-9 (Gal-9), який регулює внутрішньоклітинний метаболізм (клітинний ріст, запалення, імунну відповідь, апоптоз). Лактоза, конкурентно зв’язуючись з Gal-9, скасовує запуск сигнального механізму Gal-9/Tim-3 і посилює проліферацію Т-хелперних клітин 1-го та 17-го типу. Це призводить до загострення запальних процесів. Надлишок лактози сприяє зменшенню представництва Treg-клітин, що володіють імуносупресивною дією, і підвищує інсулінорезистентність. Лактоза інгібує взаємодію Gal-9 з імуноглобуліном Е та гіалуронзв’язуючою молекулою CD44 і сприяє алергічним проявам. Наведено можливості використання препаратів екзогенної лактази для патогномонічного лікування запальних та алергічних захворювань у дітей з лактазною недостатністю.
The article on the basis of published data presents the ideas about the clinical significance of excess lactose in the diet. Lactose is a specific inhibitor of β-galactoside-binding protein — galectin-9 (Gal-9) which regulates the intracellular metabolism (cell growth, inflammation, immune response, apoptosis). Lactose, competitively binding to Gal-9, prevents activation of Gal-9/TIM-3-associated signaling pathways that promotes proliferation of the T-helper 1 and 17 cells, causing the induction of inflammation. Excess lactose reduces Treg-cells representation, which have immunosuppressive action, and increases insulin resistance. Lactose inhibits the interaction of Gal-9 with immunoglobulin E and hyaluronan-binding molecule CD44 and contributes to allergic manifestations. The limitations of using exogenous lactase preparations for pathognomonic treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases in children with lactase deficiency are presented.
лактоза, полиморфизмы LCT, галектин-9, воспаление, аллергия, экзогенная лактаза.
лактоза, поліморфізми LCT, галектин-9, запалення, алергія, екзогенна лактаза.
lactose, LCT polymorphisms, galectin-9, inflammation, allergy, exogenous lactase.
Статья опубликована на с. 150-157
Биологическое действие галектина-9
Ингибирование галектина-9 лактозой как фактор, способствующий развитию хронических заболеваний
Инсулинорезистентность
Значение для развития ожирения избытка лактозы в диете
Возможности применения препаратов экзогенной лактазы
Заключение
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10. Golden-Mason L, Palmer BE, Kassam N et al Negative immune regulator Tim-3 is overexpressed on T cells in hepatitis C virus infection and its blockade rescues dysfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J Virol. 2009 Sep;83(18):9122-30. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00639-09.
11. Gorman JV, Colgan JD. Regulation of T- cell responses by the receptor molecule Tim-3. Immunol Res. 2014; 59(1-3):56-65. doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8524-1
12. Gumperz JE, Miyake S, Yamamura Т, Brenner MB. Functionally distinct subsets of CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells revealed by CD1d tetramer staining. J Exp Med. 2002 Mar 4;195(5):625-36. doi: 10.1084/jem.20011786.
13. Haining WN. Thinking inside the box: how T cell inhibitory receptors signal. Nat Med. 2012 Sep;18(9):1338-9. doi: 10.1038/nm.2921.
14. Han G, Chen G, Shen B, Li Y. Tim-3: an activation marker and activation limiter of innate immune cells. Front Immunol. 2013 Dec 10; 4:449. doi: 10.3389/fimmu. 2013.00449.
15. Hassan HY, van Erp A., Jaeger M., Tahir H. Genetic diversity of lactase persistence in East African populations. BMC Res Notes. 2016, Jan 4;9(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1833-1.
16. Jacobs J, Smits E, Lardon F, Pauwels P, Deschoolmeester V. Immune Checkpoint Modulation in Colorectal Cancer: What's New and What to Expect. J Immunol Res. 2015; 2015:158038. doi: 10.1155/2015/158038.
17. Keryer-Bibens C, Pioche-Durieu C, Villemant C et al. Exosomes released by EBV-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells convey the viral latent membrane protein 1 and the immunomodulatory protein galectin 9. BMC Cancer. 2006; 6: 283. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-283.
18. de Kivit S, Saeland E, Kraneveld AD et al. Galectin-9 induced by dietary synbiotics is involved in suppression of allergic symptoms in mice and humans. Allergy.2012;67:343–352. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02771.x.
19. Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L et al. Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med. 2006 Jun 12;203(6):1413-8. doi: 10.1084/jem.20060210.
20. Kurose Y, Wada J, Kanzaki M et al. Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2013 Jan 22;14:23. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-23.
21. Lee J, Oh JM, Hwang JW et al. Expression of human TIM-3 and its correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.Scand J Rheumatol. 2011;40(5):334–40. doi: 10.3109/03009742.2010.547871.
22. Leitner J, Rieger А, Pickl WJ et al. TIM-3 Does Not Act as a Receptor for Galectin-9. PLOS. 2013; 9(3):21 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.100325.
23. Lhuillier C, Barjon C, Niki T et al. Impact of exogenous galectin-9 on human T cells: contribution of the T cell receptor complex to antigen-independent activation but not to apoptosis induction. J. Biol. Chem. 2015; 290(27). doi:10.1074/jbc.M115.661272.
24. Li X, Chen G, Li Y et al. Involvement of T cell Ig Mucin-3 (Tim-3) in the negative regulation of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Immunol. 2010 Feb;134(2):169 -77. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.012.
25. Li Y, Feng J, Geng S et al. The N- and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains of galectin-9 contribute differently to its multiple functions in innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Mol Immunol. 2011; 48:670–677. doi: 10.1016/j. molimm. 2010.11.011.
26. Liberal R, Grant CR, Holder BS et al. The impaired immune regulation of autoimmune hepatitis is linked to a defective galectin-9/tim-3 pathway. Hepatology. 2012 Aug; 56(2):677-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.25682.
27. Ma CJ, Li GY, Cheng YQ et al. Cis-Association of Galectin-9 with Tim-3 Differentially Regulates IL-12/IL-23 Expressions in Monocytes via TLR Signaling. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 14;8(8):e72488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072488. eCollection 2013.
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