Международный эндокринологический журнал Том 18, №7, 2022

Серцево-судинні захворювання — це група захворювань серця й кровоносних судин, включно з ішемічною хворобою серця, цереброваскулярною хворобою, хворобою периферичних артерій, тромбозом глибоких вен і емболією легеневої артерії. Найважливішими поведінковими факторами ризику серцево-судинних захворювань та інсульту є незбалансоване харчування, відсутність фізичної активності, куріння й зловживання алкоголем. Вплив поведінкових факторів ризику може проявлятися в кожної людини у вигляді підвищеного артеріального тиску, гіперглікемії, гіперліпідемії, надмірної маси тіла й ожиріння. Метою цього дослідження було провести науковий аналіз внеску йоги в лікування й профілактику серцево-судинних захворювань і пов’язаних з ними факторів ризику. Нами проведено широкий пошук в електронній базі даних PubMed/Medline. Встановлено, що ризик серцево-судинних захворювань можна зменшити, враховуючи декілька факторів ризику, наприклад посилення фізичної активності й використання релаксації для зменшення стресу, обидва з яких є елементами йоги. Оскільки йога стає все більш популярною формою фізичних вправ, вона може стати важливим заходом первинної і вторинної профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань. Результати свідчать, що регулярні фізичні вправи можуть знизити ризик смерті від серцево-судинних захворювань, і вони корисні, якщо їх включити до стратегій первинної і вторинної профілактики. У цьому огляді оцінювалася ефективність йоги в зниженні різних серцево-судинних факторів ризику (артеріальний тиск, маса тіла, індекс маси тіла, ліпідний профіль, рівень цукру в крові). Існують багатообіцяючі дані, що заняття йогою покращують стан серцево-судинної системи. Тривалість занять йогою сприятливо впливає на зниження ризику серцево-судинних захворювань. Численні дослідження використовували обмежену кількість вибірок, змінювали форми й тривалість занять йогою і пропускали інформацію про процеси, що стоять за змінами. Йога значною мірою може сприяти профілактиці й лікуванню серцево-судинних захворювань і пов’язаних з ними факторів ризику. Щоб ще краще зрозуміти численні можливі механізми впливу йоги, необхідні додаткові дослідження.

Cardiovascular diseases is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, congenital heart di­sease, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The most important behavioral risk factors for heart disease and stroke are poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and harmful alcohol use. The impact of behavioral risk factors may manifest in each individual as high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, overweight, and obesity. The purpose of this study was to give a thorough scientific analysis of yoga’s contribution to the management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors. The records are collected from several databases. We performed an extensive search of the PubMed/Medline electronic database. However, it is believed that the risk of cardiovascular disease can be reduced by adjusting for several risk factors, such as increasing physical activity and using relaxation to reduce stress, both of which are elements of yoga. As yoga has become an increasingly popular form of exercise, it could be an important intervention for primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. Evidence suggests that regular exercise can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, and it is beneficial when included in primary and secondary prevention strategies. This review assessed the effectiveness of yoga in reducing various cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, weight, body mass index, lipid profile, blood sugar). There is promising evidence that the practice of yoga improves cardiovascular health. Yoga practice length has a beneficial relationship with reducing the risk of сardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies used limited sample numbers, varied the forms and lengths of their yoga treatments, and omitted information on the processes behind change. The prevention and management of cardiovascular illnesses and associated risk factors, however, might be greatly aided by yoga. To even further understand the numerous possible mechanisms behind yoga’s effects, more research is necessary.

серцево-судинні захворювання; фактори ризику серцево-судинних захворювань; цукровий діабет; йога

cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular disease risk factors; diabetes mellitus; yoga

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