Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» 4 (47) 2013

The results of the immunological study in the dynamics of observation in 196 clinically healthy children from children's homes in age from 6 to 18 years. Shown to have immunological differences depending on the age of the children surveyed.

Immunity - an important element in the conservation of immunological identity and biological terms - is a mechanism for maintaining immune homeostasis of the human body, is provided with non-specific and specific cellular and humoral factors. Implementation and for infectious diseases in children depends on the state of immunological reactivity as a special condition of immune structures and mechanisms for the biological needs and functions in different age periods of their development. Tendency of children to acute respiratory diseases largely due to the incomplete development of the immune system, including the lack of local immunity.

In the structure of infectious diseases in children is dominated by SARS, the weight of which is high for many decades and is more than 80% in the pediatric population. According to the results of monitoring at the population of orphans and children deprived of parental care, the level of overall morbidity on average 1,6-1, 8 times the average mortality in Ukraine.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the immune response in children's homes, depending on age (6 to 18 years) in the period of clinical well-being.

This immunological study was carried out in accordance with the basic provisions of the GSP ICH and the Helsinki Declaration on Bioethics. Studies of immunity in the period of clinical well-being include the evaluation of the content of white blood cells, lymphocytes, CD25 + cells, serum immunoglobulin classes A, M, G. Determination of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12r70; IL-12r40 + p70; TGFβ1 was performed using solid-phase imunosorbentnogo enzimosvyazannogo method (ELISA) using test kits from different manufacturers (ELISA, Diaclone, France; ELISA Kit, Finland; DRG ELISA, Germany). To assess the level of mucosal immunity studied content SIgA (Vector - Best, Russia) and antimicrobial proteins α-defensins 1-3 and lactoferrin (Human HNP 1- 3ta Human Lactoferrin; Hycult ® biotech) in the oropharyngeal secretions.

In children Shkolny of age of children's homes, not hung from age, the average level of ymmunnыh indicators (leykotsytы, lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulins classes A, M, G, cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12r70; IL-12r40 + p70, antimicrobial proteins lactoferrin and HNP 1-3) in the period Clinically prosperity sootvetstvoval boundary definitions bands, Or boundary normatyvov test systems.

During the period of clinical well-being of school children from orphanages, regardless of age, 50% of the valid observations concentration CD25 + cells were on average significantly higher than standard test system, combined with a reduction in 84.9% of cases, the content of TGF-β1 (compared to the average of the test system) and recorded SIgA reduction in the oropharyngeal secretions in 79.7% of all children tested (p ≤ 0,05).

Shown that older school-age children from children's homes is increasing representation CD25 + cells against a gradual decrease in the concentration of IL-10 and TGFβ1. Also in lymphocytes concentrations in blood serum 80.8% observations on Relatively content (%) and in 13.5% âñåõ observations in absolute numbers of (g / l) has been higher than vozrastnoho urovnja, in so doing, the results bolshynstvo Highest been zarehystryrovana in children, older than 10 years.

In children in age from 10 to 14 years in 32.1% of cases IgA concentration has been below the rules age, for IgM in 17.9% of observations level of indicators áûë below and in 60.7% - higher than normal, but for sыvorotochnoho IgG in 3 6% of observing ego content of serum áûëî series, and in 71.4% of cases - higher than vozrastnoho standards.

Analysis of the results of the immunological studies in school children from children's homes in the period of the clinical evidence of being an imbalance of various parts of the immune response, reducing the mucosal immunity of mucous and stress mechanisms of local protection. The correlation analysis showed a predominantly inverse correlation with the age of the children surveyed immunological parameters, which together have many relations characterizing the structural adjustment of immunity in groups of children surveyed.